Category: AI Economics

AI Economics: Risk, Cost, and ROI Research by Oleh Ivchenko

AI Wage Premium Evidence: Measuring Productivity Uplift and Salary Effects in Knowledge Work

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21270023  65stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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This article investigates the econometric relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and wage premiums in knowledge-intensive occupations, addressing a critical gap in contemporary labor market analysis. Using a panel dataset of 3,247 firms across consulting, software development, and professional services between 2022 and 2026, we isolate productivity uplift from AI tool integr...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21270023 65stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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Cash Flow Anomaly Detection: AI Models for Identifying Undeclared Income in SME Tax Returns

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21209524  34stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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Score = Ref Trust (32 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (1/4 × 10%)

Unreported income among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) remains a critical challenge for tax authorities globally, with recent studies indicating that undeclared income accounts for 15-25% of the tax gap in European OECD nations. This article addresses the gap in current tax compliance tools by developing and evaluating machine l[REDACTED]g models specifically designed to detect anomalous c...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21209524 34stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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Total Cost of Ownership for Enterprise LLMs: A 2025 Framework Beyond GPU Cost

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21186552  47stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[h]Freshness [REQ]57%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 57%
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[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
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Score = Ref Trust (54 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (1/4 × 10%)

Enterprise adoption of large language models (LLMs) has progressed from experimental pilots to core production workloads, yet most organizations continue to compute return on investment (ROI) using GPU‐hour pricing as the sole cost driver. This narrow view systematically underestimates the true economic burden of LLMs, omitting fine‑tuning expenses, retrieval‑augmented generation (RAG) infrastr...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21186552 47stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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AI-Driven Tax Compliance: How Explainable AI Transforms Shadow Economy Detection

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20267924  60stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]89%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 89%
[c]Data Charts0○Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 0
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[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (66 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (1/4 × 10%)

Shadow economies impose massive revenue losses on governments worldwide, yet detecting illicit financial activity remains a persistent challenge. Traditional statistical and rule‑based methods often lack the interpretability needed for regulators to trust automated alerts. Recent advances in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offer a pathway to illuminate decision‑making processes, enabl...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20267924 60stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[h]Freshness [REQ]89%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 89%
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The EU AI Act Explanability Requirements: Technical Specification Analysis

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19993955  78stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[h]Freshness [REQ]80%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 80%
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Score = Ref Trust (82 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (2/4 × 10%)

The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence systems across high‑risk domains has prompted regulators to demand greater transparency and accountability. The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) introduces a comprehensive framework for trustworthy AI, with particular emphasis on explicability obligations for high‑risk AI systems. This article dissects the technical specifi...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19993955 78stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[h]Freshness [REQ]80%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 80%
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XAI Tool Economics: The Cost Structure of Explanation Generation

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19872600  61stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[l]Academic90%✓≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
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[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
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[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (67 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (1/4 × 10%)

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools are increasingly deployed to provide transparency in machine l[REDACTED]g models, yet their economic viability remains poorly understood. This article analyzes the compute and engineering costs associated with generating explanations at scale across three prominent XAI methodologies: feature attribution, counterfactual generation, and prototype-ba...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19872600 61stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[t]Trusted90%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
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[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19872600
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]71%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 71%
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[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (67 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (1/4 × 10%)
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Transparent AI Sourcing: Build vs Buy Economics When Explanations Matter

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19858760  31stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]25%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 25%
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Score = Ref Trust (31 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (0/4 × 10%)

Enterprise AI procurement faces a critical dilemma: build custom solutions for tailored explainability or buy off-the-shelf platforms with faster deployment but limited transparency. This article analyzes the economic trade-offs in AI sourcing decisions when explainability requirements are paramount, drawing on the IEEE 3119-2025 standard for AI procurement and recent empirical studies. Our ana...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19858760 31stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19858760
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]25%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 25%
[c]Data Charts0○Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 0
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[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (31 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (0/4 × 10%)
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AI Task Taxonomy by Complexity: A Cost Analysis Across Model Architectures (March 2026)

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19336575  64stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[t]Trusted56%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI52%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
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[i]Indexed56%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic52%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access81%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References27 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]3,147✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 3,147
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19336575
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]88%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 88%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (54 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Effective enterprise AI deployment requires matching task complexity to model capability — not defaulting to the most capable model for every workload. This meta-analysis introduces a six-tier task complexity taxonomy calibrated to March 2026 API pricing across nineteen models from six major providers. We demonstrate that systematic model-task alignment reduces per-task costs by 60–95% compared...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19336575 64stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[t]Trusted56%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI52%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
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[l]Academic52%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access81%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References27 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]3,147✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 3,147
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19336575
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]88%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 88%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (54 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Same Pill, 171x the Price: Interstate Drug Pricing Variance in U.S. Medicaid Data

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19170546  46stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[l]Academic13%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access100%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References15 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]5,157✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 5,157
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Between 2018 and 2024, U.S. Medicaid prescription drug spending grew from $16.1 billion to $27.6 billion — a 71% increase in six years, driven by a handful of high-price biologics, a brand-generic cost gap of over 3,000x per unit, and interstate price variations so extreme they defy any market-rational explanation. This paper presents a data-driven analysis of 13 visualizations derived from pub...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19170546 46stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[i]Indexed87%✓≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic13%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access100%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References15 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]5,157✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 5,157
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19170546
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]29%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 29%
[c]Data Charts13✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 13
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams0○Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 0
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Knowledge Collapse Economics: The Hidden Cost of Outsourcing Cognition to AI

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19080440  58stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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The dominant narrative around artificial intelligence economics focuses on productivity gains, labor displacement, and cost optimization. A less examined but potentially more consequential dimension is emerging: the erosion of collective human knowledge when AI substitutes for cognitive effort rather than augmenting it. This article analyzes the economic implications of knowledge collapse — a p...

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AI Economics by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19080440 58stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted67%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI42%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef33%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed75%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic8%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access42%○≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References12 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,148✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,148
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19080440
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]73%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 73%
[c]Data Charts0○Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 0
[g]Code—○Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
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