The Mirror and the Self: What AI Reveals About Being Human

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Journal Commentary
Journal Commentary by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19497196  53stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[t]Trusted81%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI19%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
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[l]Academic56%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access88%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,103✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,103
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19497196
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]82%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 82%
[c]Data Charts2✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 2
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (45 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Artificial intelligence systems increasingly exhibit behaviors that mirror human cognitive and social traits, raising profound questions about consciousness, agency, and personhood. This article examines current AI research (2025‑2026) to understand how AI serves as a mirror for human self‑understanding. We analyze three research questions: (1) How does AI research conceptualize AI as a reflect...

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Journal Commentary by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19497196 53stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources6%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted81%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI19%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef13%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed6%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic56%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access88%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,103✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,103
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19497196
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]82%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 82%
[c]Data Charts2✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 2
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (45 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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The Fork Problem: When Community Splits Signal Innovation vs. Fragmentation

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Open Source Research
Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489083  44stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted36%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI7%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic21%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access86%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References14 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,062✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,062
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489083
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]77%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 77%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (21 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

— title: “The Fork Problem: When Community Splits Signal Innovation vs. Fragmentation” author: “Oleh Ivchenko” series: “Trusted Open Source” — ## Abstract Open source software forks have long been viewed as existential threats to project stability, yet evidence increasingly suggests that forks serve dual roles: catalysts for innovation and sources...

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Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489083 44stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted36%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI7%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic21%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access86%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References14 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,062✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,062
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489083
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]77%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 77%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (21 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Post-Conflict Shadow Economies — Evidence from Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19487663  45stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted67%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI13%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic33%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access93%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References15 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,855✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,855
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19487663
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]67%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 67%
[c]Data Charts3✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 3
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (33 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

This article examines how shadow economies evolve in post-conflict Balkan states, using econometric evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Kosovo. Building on 25 years of MIMIC-methodology estimates, we analyze three research questions: the trajectory of informal economic activity following armed conflict, the relationship between economic development and shadow economy persistence,...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19487663 45stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted67%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI13%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic33%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access93%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References15 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,855✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,855
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19487663
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]67%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 67%
[c]Data Charts3✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 3
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (33 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Poland’s Digitalization Strategy in Tax Administration: Impact Assessment of JPK and Split Payment Mechanisms

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19486374  42stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted63%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI6%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic19%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access81%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,929✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,929
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19486374
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]67%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 67%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (28 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Poland has emerged as a European benchmark for combating tax evasion through comprehensive digital transformation of its tax administration. This article examines Poland's implementation of the Jednolity Plik Kontrolny (JPK, Standard Audit File) and the Split Payment Mechanism to quantify their effectiveness in reducing the VAT compliance gap and improving tax compliance. Drawing on European Co...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19486374 42stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted63%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI6%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic19%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access81%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,929✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,929
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19486374
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]67%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 67%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (28 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Georgia’s Tax Reform Miracle: Flat Tax Impact on Shadow Economy

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484870  42stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted67%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI28%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic33%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access94%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References18 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,479✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,479
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484870
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]31%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 31%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (37 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Georgia's radical tax reform of 2005—replacing a complex progressive tax system with a flat 12% rate—provides a unique natural experiment for studying the relationship between tax simplification and informal economic activity. This article examines two decades of data to quantify the reform's impact on Georgia's shadow economy, which fell from 68.8% of GDP (one of the world's highest) to 41.5% ...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484870 42stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted67%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI28%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic33%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access94%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References18 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,479✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,479
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484870
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]31%✗≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 31%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (37 × 60%) + Required (2/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Estonia’s Digital Transformation — Lessons for Ukraine’s Shadow Economy Reduction

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484648  48stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources4%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted83%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI9%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef4%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed4%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic22%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access100%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References23 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,891✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,891
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484648
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]75%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 75%
[c]Data Charts3✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 3
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (37 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

This article examines Estonia's digital transformation as a proven model for reducing shadow economy activity through comprehensive e-governance. Estonia reduced its shadow economy from 28% to 12% of GDP between 2010 and 2024, while Ukraine's shadow economy remains volatile around 37% despite similar starting points. We analyze three core mechanisms: (1) the X-Road data interoperability platfor...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484648 48stabilfr·wdophcgmx
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[s]Reviewed Sources4%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted83%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI9%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef4%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed4%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic22%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access100%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References23 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,891✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,891
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19484648
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]75%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 75%
[c]Data Charts3✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 3
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (37 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Fresh Repositories Watch: Telecommunications — Network Optimization and 5G Tools

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Open Source Research
Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19483272  51stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted58%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI16%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic42%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access95%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References19 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,475✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,475
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19483272
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]87%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 87%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (33 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Open-source telecommunications infrastructure is undergoing a fundamental shift from proprietary lock-in toward community-driven, interoperable platforms. This article presents the eighteenth installment of the Fresh Repositories Watch series, examining newly emerged and rapidly maturing open-source tools for 5G network simulation, Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) deployment, and AI-powered...

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Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19483272 51stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources0%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted58%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI16%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef0%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed0%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic42%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access95%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References19 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,475✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,475
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19483272
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]87%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 87%
[c]Data Charts4✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 4
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (33 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Labor Market Informality — Wage Underreporting and Social Insurance Evasion

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19482013  61stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources12%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted81%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI31%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef15%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed15%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic50%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access85%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References26 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]3,403✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 3,403
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19482013
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]75%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 75%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (49 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

Labor market informality represents one of the most pervasive channels of shadow economic activity, manifesting primarily through wage underreporting and systematic evasion of social insurance contributions. This article examines the behavioral, structural, and policy drivers of informal employment relationships, with particular attention to how tax burden, minimum wage enforcement, and contrib...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19482013 61stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources12%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted81%✓≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI31%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef15%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed15%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic50%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access85%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References26 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]3,403✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 3,403
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19482013
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]75%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 75%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams2✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 2
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (49 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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Security Audit Patterns: How Top Open-Source Projects Handle Vulnerability Disclosure

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Open Source Research
Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19481670  69stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources39%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted78%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI57%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef48%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed48%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic61%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access96%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References23 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,630✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,630
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19481670
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]88%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 88%
[c]Data Charts0○Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 0
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (66 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (2/4 × 10%)

The e[REDACTED]nential growth in open-source software vulnerabilities, with over 21,500 CVEs disclosed in the first half of 2025, has made vulnerability disclosure a critical challenge for the open-source ecosystem. This article investigates how leading open-source projects handle security vulnerability disclosure through coordinated bug bounty programs, GitHub Security Advisories, and CVE assi...

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Open Source Research by Oleh Ivchenko DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19481670 69stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources39%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted78%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI57%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef48%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed48%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic61%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access96%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References23 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]2,630✓Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 2,630
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19481670
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]88%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 88%
[c]Data Charts0○Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 0
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (66 × 60%) + Required (4/5 × 30%) + Optional (2/4 × 10%)
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VAT Gap Estimation for Ukraine \u2014 Methodology and Cross-Country Comparison

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Economic Research
Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk  ·  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19478897  43stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources6%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted50%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI13%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef6%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed13%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic19%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access94%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,259✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,259
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19478897
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]60%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 60%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (29 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)

This article examines the methodology for estimating the Value-Added Tax (VAT) compliance gap, with specific application to Ukraine and a systematic comparison against European Union member states and candidate countries. Using the top-down VAT gap methodology endorsed by the European Commission and IMF, we reconstruct Ukraine's VAT compliance gap trajectory from 2015 to 2024 and benchmark it a...

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Economic Research by Oleh Ivchenko, Iryna Ivchenko & Dmytro Grybeniuk DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19478897 43stabilfr·wdophcgmx
BadgeMetricValueStatusDescription
[s]Reviewed Sources6%○≥80% from editorially reviewed sources
[t]Trusted50%○≥80% from verified, high-quality sources
[a]DOI13%○≥80% have a Digital Object Identifier
[b]CrossRef6%○≥80% indexed in CrossRef
[i]Indexed13%○≥80% have metadata indexed
[l]Academic19%○≥80% from journals/conferences/preprints
[f]Free Access94%✓≥80% are freely accessible
[r]References16 refs✓Minimum 10 references required
[w]Words [REQ]1,259✗Minimum 2,000 words for a full research article. Current: 1,259
[d]DOI [REQ]✓✓Zenodo DOI registered for persistent citation. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19478897
[o]ORCID [REQ]✓✓Author ORCID verified for academic identity
[p]Peer Reviewed [REQ]—✗Peer reviewed by an assigned reviewer
[h]Freshness [REQ]60%✓≥60% of references from 2025–2026. Current: 60%
[c]Data Charts5✓Original data charts from reproducible analysis (min 2). Current: 5
[g]Code✓✓Source code available on GitHub
[m]Diagrams3✓Mermaid architecture/flow diagrams. Current: 3
[x]Cited by0○Referenced by 0 other hub article(s)
Score = Ref Trust (29 × 60%) + Required (3/5 × 30%) + Optional (3/4 × 10%)
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